Apache Maven Wikipedia.Maven is a build automation tool used primarily for Java projects.In Yiddish, the word maven means accumulator of knowledge.Maven addresses two aspects of building software first, it describes how software is built, and second, it describes its dependencies.Contrary to preceding tools like Apache Ant, it uses conventions for the build procedure, and only exceptions need to be written down.An XML file describes the software project being built, its dependencies on other external modules and components, the build order, directories, and required plug ins.How To Deploy War File In Tomcat 6 Manually Expressing' title='How To Deploy War File In Tomcat 6 Manually Expressing' />It comes with pre defined targets for performing certain well defined tasks such as compilation of code and its packaging.Maven dynamically downloads Java libraries and Maven plug ins from one or more repositories such as the Maven 2 Central Repository, and stores them in a local cache.This local cache of downloaded artifacts can also be updated with artifacts created by local projects. 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Public repositories can also be updated.Maven can also be used to build and manage projects written in C, Ruby, Scala, and other languages.In this tutorial, we will show you how to use MavenTomcat plugin to package and deploy a WAR file to Tomcat, both in Tomcat 6 and 7.This example shows you how to.The Maven project is hosted by the Apache Software Foundation, where it was formerly part of the Jakarta Project.Maven is built using a plugin based architecture that allows it to make use of any application controllable through standard input.Theoretically, this would allow anyone to write plugins to interface with build tools compilers, unit test tools, etc.In reality, support and use for languages other than Java has been minimal.Currently a plugin for the.NET framework exists and is maintained,5 and a CC native plugin is maintained for Maven 2.Alternative technologies like Gradle and sbt as build tools do not rely on XML, but keep the key concepts Maven introduced.With Apache Ivy, a dedicated dependency manager was developed as well that also supports Maven repositories.ExampleeditMaven projects are configured using a Project Object Model, which is stored in a pom.Heres a minimal example lt project lt model version is always 4.Maven 2. x POMs lt model.Version 4. 0. Version lt project coordinates, i.Id com. mycompany.Id lt artifact. Id my applt artifact.Id lt version 1. Id junitlt group.How To Deploy War File In Tomcat 6 Manually ManageHow To Deploy War File In Tomcat 6 Manually ConfigureId lt artifact.Id junitlt artifact.Id lt version 3. This POM only defines a unique identifier for the project coordinates and its dependency on the JUnit framework.However, that is already enough for building the project and running the unit tests associated with the project.Maven accomplishes this by embracing the idea of Convention over Configuration, that is, Maven provides default values for the projects configuration.The directory structure of a normal idiomatic Maven project has the following directory entries.The Maven software tool auto generated this directory structure for a Java project.Directory name. Purposeproject home.Contains the pom.Contains the deliverable Java sourcecode for the project.Contains the deliverable resources for the project, such as property files.Contains the testing Java sourcecode JUnit or Test.NG test cases, for example for the project.Contains resources necessary for testing.Then the commandwill compile all the Java files, run any tests, and package the deliverable code and resources into targetmy app 1.Id is my app and the version is 1.Using Maven, the user provides only configuration for the project, while the configurable plug ins do the actual work of compiling the project, cleaning target directories, running unit tests, generating API documentation and so on.In general, users should not have to write plugins themselves.Contrast this with Ant and make, in which one writes imperative procedures for doing the aforementioned tasks.ConceptseditProject Object ModeleditA Project Object Model POM provides all the configuration for a single project.General configuration covers the projects name, its owner and its dependencies on other projects.One can also configure individual phases of the build process, which are implemented as plugins.For example, one can configure the compiler plugin to use Java version 1.Larger projects should be divided into several modules, or sub projects, each with its own POM.One can then write a root POM through which one can compile all the modules with a single command.POMs can also inherit configuration from other POMs.All POMs inherit from the Super POM8 by default.The Super POM provides default configuration, such as default source directories, default plugins, and so on.PluginseditMost of Mavens functionality is in plugins.A plugin provides a set of goals that can be executed using the following syntax.For example, a Java project can be compiled with the compiler plugins compile goal9 by running mvn compiler compile.There are Maven plugins for building, testing, source control management, running a web server, generating Eclipse project files, and much more.Plugins are introduced and configured in a lt plugins section of a pom.Some basic plugins are included in every project by default, and they have sensible default settings.However, it would be cumbersome if the archetypical build sequence of building, testing and packaging a software project required running each respective goal manually.Mavens lifecycle concept handles this issue.Plugins are the primary way to extend Maven.Developing a Maven plugin can be done by extending the org.Abstract. Mojo class.Example code and explanation for a Maven plugin to create a cloud based virtual machine running an application server is given in the article Automate development and management of cloud virtual machines.Build lifecycleseditBuild lifecycle is a list of named phases that can be used to give order to goal execution.One of Mavens standard lifecycles is the default lifecycle, which includes the following phases, in this order 1.Goals provided by plugins can be associated with different phases of the lifecycle.For example, by default, the goal compiler compile is associated with the compile phase, while the goal surefire test is associated with the test phase.Consider the following command.When the preceding command is executed, Maven runs all goals associated with each of the phases up to and including the test phase.In such a case, Maven runs the resources resources goal associated with the process resources phase, then compiler compile, and so on until it finally runs the surefire test goal.Maven also has standard phases for cleaning the project and for generating a project site.If cleaning were part of the default lifecycle, the project would be cleaned every time it was built.This is clearly undesirable, so cleaning has been given its own lifecycle.Standard lifecycles enable users new to a project the ability to accurately build, test and install every Maven project by issuing the single command.By default, Maven packages the POM file in generated JAR and WAR files.Tools like diet. 4j1.Maven modules at run time without requiring an uber jar that contains all project code.DependencieseditA central feature in Maven is dependency management.Mavens dependency handling mechanism is organized around a coordinate system identifying individual artifacts such as software libraries or modules.The POM example above references the JUnit coordinates as a direct dependency of the project.A project that needs, say, the Hibernate library simply has to declare Hibernates project coordinates in its POM.Maven will automatically download the dependency and the dependencies that Hibernate itself needs called transitive dependencies and store them in the users local repository.Maven 2 Central Repository4 is used by default to search for libraries, but one can configure the repositories to be used e.POM. There are search engines such as The Central Repository Search Engine1.Projects developed on a single machine can depend on each other through the local repository.The local repository is a simple folder structure that acts both as a cache for downloaded dependencies and as a centralized storage place for locally built artifacts.The Maven command mvn install builds a project and places its binaries in the local repository.Then other projects can utilize this project by specifying its coordinates in their POMs.
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